/* ----- Design tokens ----- */
:root {
  --navy: #000e2f; /* UConn national flag blue */
  --navy-700: #0a1d4a;
  --navy-50: #f3f5fa;
  --accent: #c8102e; /* subtle red accent */
  --ink: #1a1a1a;
  --muted: #5b6275;
  --line: #e6e8ef;
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #f7f8fb;
  --radius: 14px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(10, 20, 50, 0.06);
  --shadow-md: 0 8px 30px rgba(10, 20, 50, 0.08);
  --maxw: 1120px;
  --serif: "Fraunces", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans:
    "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
}

/* ----- Base ----- */
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
img {
  max-width: 100%;
  display: block;
}
a {
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--maxw);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

/* ----- Header / Nav ----- */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 68px;
}
.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
}
.brand-mark {
  display: inline-grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.brand-text {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.75rem;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.nav-links a {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  position: relative;
}
.nav-links a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -6px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.nav-links a:hover {
  color: var(--navy);
}
.nav-links a:hover::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  background: none;
  border: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 8px;
}
.nav-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--navy);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition:
    transform 0.25s ease,
    opacity 0.2s ease;
}

/* ----- Hero ----- */
.hero {
  padding: 5rem 0 4rem;
  background:
    radial-gradient(
      1200px 600px at 85% -10%,
      rgba(0, 14, 47, 0.07),
      transparent 60%
    ),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, var(--navy-50) 100%);
}
.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 1fr;
  gap: 3.5rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.eyebrow {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.hero h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4.25rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.lede {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 50ch;
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
}
.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.8rem 1.4rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition:
    transform 0.15s ease,
    background 0.2s ease,
    color 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-primary {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background: var(--navy-700);
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.btn-ghost {
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: var(--navy);
  background: transparent;
}
.btn-ghost:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
}

.hero-photo {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  border-radius: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--navy-50);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.hero-photo::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -12px -12px auto auto;
  width: 110px;
  height: 110px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  opacity: 0.12;
  z-index: 1;
}
.hero-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

/* ----- Sections ----- */
.section {
  padding: 5rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.section-alt {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}
.two-col {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
  gap: 3.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.col-side {
  position: sticky;
  top: 100px;
}
.section-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.section-kicker {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}

.prose p {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  color: #2b2f3a;
}
.prose h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin: 2.25rem 0 1rem;
}

.question-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 1.5rem;
}
.question-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.question-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.65rem;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

/* Timeline */
.timeline {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.timeline li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  align-items: center;
}
.timeline .year {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.timeline strong {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.timeline .muted {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

/* Card grid */
.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.card {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.4rem;
  transition:
    transform 0.2s ease,
    box-shadow 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease;
}
.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: #d6dbe8;
}
.card h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  color: var(--navy);
}
.card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.97rem;
}

/* Publications */
.pub-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--navy);
  transition:
    border-left-color 0.2s ease,
    transform 0.15s ease,
    box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}
.pub-card:hover {
  border-left-color: var(--accent);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.pub-card p {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  flex: 1;
}
.pub-card em {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-style: italic;
}
.pub-link {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.pub-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Research blurb + projects carousel */
.research-blurb p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #2b2f3a;
  margin: 0 0 2.5rem;
}
.projects {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.projects-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.projects-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.carousel-controls {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.carousel-btn {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 1rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition:
    background 0.2s ease,
    color 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease,
    transform 0.15s ease;
  display: inline-grid;
  place-items: center;
}
.carousel-btn:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--navy);
}
.carousel-btn:disabled {
  opacity: 0.35;
  cursor: not-allowed;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--line);
}
.carousel {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.carousel-track {
  display: flex;
  transition: transform 0.45s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  will-change: transform;
}
.carousel-slide {
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.1rem;
  padding: 4px;
}
.carousel-dots {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}
.carousel-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #c9cfdc;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition:
    background 0.2s ease,
    transform 0.2s ease;
}
.carousel-dot.active {
  background: var(--navy);
  transform: scale(1.3);
}

/* Link cards (used inside carousel slides) */
.muted-paragraph {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.link-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.1rem;
}
.link-card {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  transition:
    transform 0.2s ease,
    box-shadow 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.link-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-700) 100%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.25s ease;
  z-index: 0;
}
.link-card > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  transition: color 0.25s ease;
}
.link-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.link-card p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.link-arrow {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.link-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: var(--navy);
}
.link-card:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}
.link-card:hover h3,
.link-card:hover p,
.link-card:hover .link-arrow {
  color: #fff;
}

/* Contact */
.contact-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 1.5rem 2rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.contact-list > div {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.contact-list dt {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.contact-list dd {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}

/* Footer */
html,
body {
  min-height: 100%;
}
body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
main {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
}
.site-footer {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: #cfd5e3;
  padding: 3rem 0 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
html {
  background: var(--navy);
}
.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.footer-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 0 0.2rem;
}
.footer-sub {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: #9aa3bd;
}
.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: flex-end;
  text-align: right;
}
.footer-links a {
  color: #cfd5e3;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.footer-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}
.footer-copy {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: #8a93b0;
  margin: 0.6rem 0 0;
}

/* ----- Responsive ----- */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 3rem;
  }
  .hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
  }
  .hero-photo {
    max-width: 320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }
  .two-col {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .col-side {
    position: static;
  }
  .section {
    padding: 3.5rem 0;
  }
  .card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .contact-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .carousel-slide {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: left;
  }
  .footer-copy {
    text-align: left;
  }
  .footer-links {
    align-items: flex-start;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: flex;
  }
  .nav-links {
    position: absolute;
    top: 68px;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    background: #fff;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition:
      opacity 0.2s ease,
      transform 0.2s ease;
  }
  .nav-links.open {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
  }
  .nav-links li {
    padding: 0.25rem 1.5rem;
  }
  .nav-links a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.85rem 0;
  }
  .nav-links a::after {
    display: none;
  }
}